Definition

Language support for doing many during the same period of time (concurrency) and at exeactly the same time (parallelism)

Features

Threads (Java, C++, Python, C#) Lightweight processes used for parallel execution.

Async/Await (JavaScript, Python, C#, Kotlin) Syntax sugar for asynchronous programming.

Futures/Promises (JavaScript, Scala, Java, Python) Represent values that will be available in the future.

Coroutines (Python, Kotlin, C++20, Lua) Functions that can suspend and resume execution.

Actors (Elixir, Erlang, Scala (Akka), Kotlin) Concurrency model using isolated units that communicate via messaging.

Channels (Go, Rust) Typed communication paths used for safe data exchange between threads.